Fabric shrinkage: what you need to know
Shrinkage is the reduction in size of fabric or a finished garment after washing. It depends on fibre composition, water temperature and spin mode. Knowing this is critical when cutting and sewing garments.
Cotton
A natural fibre with high moisture absorption. Shrinks from 3% at 30°C up to 10% at 90°C. Pre-washing and steaming before cutting is recommended.
Wool
The most delicate fibre: machine washing at high temperature can cause up to 30% shrinkage. This is due to the structure of wool fibres that interlock under mechanical action. A delicate cycle at 30°C is recommended.
Linen
Linen shrinks moderately — 4–7% depending on temperature. After the first wash shrinkage decreases significantly. Allow 5–7 cm extra when cutting.
Synthetic and blended fabrics
Polyester and nylon barely shrink. In blended fabrics shrinkage is determined by the proportion of natural fibres: the more cotton or wool, the higher the risk at high temperature.
FAQ
How do I calculate fabric shrinkage?
Select the fabric composition and wash temperature — the calculator will show shrinkage percentage for length and width. If you enter garment dimensions, the tool will also calculate the exact measurements after washing.
How much does cotton shrink after washing?
At 40°C cotton shrinks about 3–5%, at 60°C up to 7–10%, at 90°C up to 10–12%. Pre-washing before cutting reduces the risk of deformation.
Does silk shrink when washed?
Yes, silk can shrink up to 4% even with hand washing. Wash at no more than 30°C and avoid wringing or tumble drying.
How do I prevent wool from shrinking?
Wash on a delicate cycle at 30°C or send to the dry cleaner. Avoid high temperatures and intensive spinning — these cause the fibres to felt.